{"id":1000,"date":"2016-07-08T20:50:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-08T20:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2016\/07\/08\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets\/"},"modified":"2023-01-15T22:29:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-15T22:29:58","slug":"microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft Azure &#8211; Virtual Networks (VNets) Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6626da7ad5fb8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6626da7ad5fb8\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#What_is_a_Virtual_Network\" title=\"What is a Virtual Network?\">What is a Virtual Network?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Tips\" title=\"Tips\">Tips<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Deployment_Models\" title=\"Deployment Models\">Deployment Models<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Components\" title=\"Components\">Components<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Subnets\" title=\"Subnets\">Subnets<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#IP_Addresses\" title=\"IP Addresses\">IP Addresses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Network_Security_Groups\" title=\"Network Security Groups\">Network Security Groups<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Loadbalancing\" title=\"Loadbalancing\">Loadbalancing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Routing_Tables\" title=\"Routing Tables\">Routing Tables<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#VPN\" title=\"VPN\">VPN<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Gateway_Types\" title=\"Gateway Types\">Gateway Types<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#VPN_Types\" title=\"VPN Types\">VPN Types<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Express_Route\" title=\"Express Route\">Express Route<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Connectivity_Options\" title=\"Connectivity Options\">Connectivity Options<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Network_Watcher\" title=\"Network Watcher\">Network Watcher<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\/#Resources\" title=\"Resources\">Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Virtual_Network\"><\/span>What is a Virtual Network?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Virtual Network, also known as a VNet is an isolated network within the Microsoft Azure cloud.<br \/>\nVNets are synonymous to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AWS\/aws-virtual-private-cloud-vpc.html\">AWS VPC<\/a> (Virtual Private Cloud), providing a range of networking features such as the ability to customize DHCP blocks, DNS, routing, inter-VM connectivity, access control and Virtual Private Networks (VPN).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Azure Portal (ARM) Screenshot ; Shows various networking options<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tips\"><\/span>Tips<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Always Deploy VNet First &#8211; <\/strong>You should always build your VNet before you deploy your VM instance. If you do not then Azure will create a default VNet, which may contain an overlapping address range with your onprem network.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moving VMs between VNets<\/strong> &#8211; A VM can be moved from one subnet to another within a VNet. However to move a VM from one VNet to another VNet, you must delete the VM and recreate using the previous VHD.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deployment_Models\"><\/span>Deployment Models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Azure provides 2 deployment models, <strong>Classic (ASM)<\/strong> and <strong>ARM<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>ARM<\/strong> is the new deployment model that all resources within the Azure Cloud are being transition to. The key point to note is that the configuration, management, and functionality of resources (Compute, Network and Storage), along with portals are different between the 2.<\/p>\n<p>Below outlines the key differences,<\/p>\n<table class=\"table table-striped table-condensed\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ASM (Azure Service Management)<\/th>\n<th>ARM (Azure Resource Manager)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Also known as Classic<\/td>\n<td>Also known as IaaS v2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Old deployment model<\/td>\n<td>New deployment model<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>REST based API<\/td>\n<td>REST based API<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Uses XML data serialization<\/td>\n<td>Uses JSON data serialization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Does NOT support Resource Groups<\/td>\n<td>Supports Resource Groups<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>What are resource groups ?<\/strong><br \/>\nA Resource Group is a logical container for a collection of resources, on which monitoring, provisioning and billing can be performed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Components\"><\/span>Components<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Below are the key components within Microsoft Azure Virtual Networks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Subnets\"><\/span>Subnets<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A subnet is a range of IP addresses in the VNet, you can divide a VNet into multiple subnets for organization and security. Additionally you can configure VNet routing tables and Network Security Groups (NSG) to a subnet<sup>[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Addresses\"><\/span>IP Addresses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 2 types of IP addresses that can be assigned to an Azure resource &#8211; Public or Private.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Public<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Used for internet\/Azure public facing communication.<\/li>\n<li>A dynamic IP is assigned to the VM, by default. At the point the VM is started \/stopped the IP is released\/renewed.<\/li>\n<li>A static IP can be assigned to a VM which is only released when the VM is deleted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Private<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Used for connectivity within a VNet, and also when using a VPN gateway or ExpressRoute.<\/li>\n<li>A dynamic IP, by default, is allocated to the VM from the resources subnet via DHCP. At the point the VM is started\/stopped the IP may be released\/renewed based on the DHCP lease.<\/li>\n<li>A static IP can be assigned to the VM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Network_Security_Groups\"><\/span>Network Security Groups<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Network Security Groups (NSGs)<\/strong> allow you to permit or deny traffic (via a rule base), to either a subnet or a network interface. By default the inbound and outbound rules include an implied deny all. Finally NSGs are stateful, meaning that the TCP sequence numbers are checked in addition to, if the connection is already established.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Loadbalancing\"><\/span>Loadbalancing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Azure provides three different load balancing solutions. They are,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Azure Traffic Manager<\/strong> &#8211; Similar to Route53 within AWS, DNS is used to direct traffic to necessary destination. There are 3 destination selection methods &#8211; failover, performance or round robin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Azure Loadbalancer<\/strong> &#8211; Performs L4 loadbalancing within a Virtual Network. Currently only supports round robin distribution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Azure Application Gateway<\/strong> &#8211; Performs L7 loadbalancing. Supports HTTP Request based loadbalancing, SSL Termination and cookie based persistence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Routing_Tables\"><\/span>Routing Tables<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Although Azure automates the provisioning of system routes, there may be a scenario where you need to further dictate how your traffic is routed.<br \/>\nRoutes are applied on traffic leaving a subnet, and traffic can be sent to a next hop of either a virtual network, virtual network gateway or virtual machine.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VPN\"><\/span>VPN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There will be times when you will need to encrypt your data when sending it over the internet. Or there may be times where you need to send traffic between 2 VNets. This is where Azure VPNs come into play.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gateway_Types\"><\/span>Gateway Types<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 2 types of gateways, VPN and Express Route. Further details are shown below,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>VPN<\/strong> &#8211; Traffic is encrypted between the endpoints. There are 3 modes,\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Site-to-Site<\/strong> &#8211; Traffic is secured using IPSEC\/IKE between 2 VPN gateways, for example between Azure and your onprem firewall.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Point-to-Site<\/strong> &#8211; Via a VPN client, a user connects onto Azure, and traffic is encrypted using TLS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VNet-to-VNet<\/strong> &#8211; Traffic is secured between 2 Virtual Networks using IPSEC\/IKE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Express Route<\/strong> &#8211; This provides a dedicated peered connection into Azure. This is covered in more detail within the Express Route section.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The amount of traffic and\/or tunnels that your gateway can support is controlled via a set of 3 SKUs, these SKUs are updated via powershell cmdlets.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VPN_Types\"><\/span>VPN Types<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 2 types of VPN &#8211; <strong>policy based<\/strong> and<strong> route based<\/strong>. Each coming with their own caveats.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Policy Based &#8211; <\/strong>Traffic is encrypted\/decrypted based upon a policy. This policy contains the IPs and subnets or the endpoints on each side. Policy based VPNs are named &#8216;static routing gateway&#8217; within the Classic (ASM) deployment model. However there are some key caveats,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supports IKEv1 only.<\/li>\n<li>Only 1 Site-2-Site VPN can be configured. Multi-point not supported.<\/li>\n<li>Point-to-Site is not supported.<\/li>\n<li>VNet-to-VNet VPN is not supported.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Route Based &#8211; <\/strong>Traffic is routed via a tunnel interface. This interface then encrypts or decrypts the packets that pass the tunnel. Route based VPNs are named &#8216;dynamic routing gateway&#8217; in the Classic deployment model. Additionally they only supports IKEv2.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Express_Route\"><\/span>Express Route<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Microsoft Azure ExpressRoute<\/strong> lets you extend your on-premises networks into the Microsoft cloud over a dedicated private connection facilitated by a connectivity provider<sup>[3]<\/sup>. This offers greater bandwidth, improved reliability, and also greater security due to bypassing the internet.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Connectivity_Options\"><\/span>Connectivity Options<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Express Route offers 2 connectivity options:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exchange Provider<\/strong><br \/>\nYou connect into Azure via a point-to-point connection, through an Exchange provider who has a direct connection into Azure. With this option you have full control over routing, however is not ideal for multi-point WANs, due to the point-to-point connection requirement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Network Service Provider<\/strong><br \/>\nWith this option you connect your MPLS WAN into Azure via your Network Service Provider.<br \/>\nRouting is typically managed via your Network Service Provider. However this option does provide multiple-point connectivity (i.e each branch\/site) into Azure, unlike point-to-point as this\u00a0 goes via an Exchange Provider.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute.jpg\" data-lightbox=\"\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute.avif 1042w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-300x160.avif 300w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-1024x546.avif 1024w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-768x410.avif 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1042px) 100vw, 1042px\" type=\"image\/avif\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute.webp 1042w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-300x160.webp 300w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-1024x546.webp 1024w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-768x410.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1042px) 100vw, 1042px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute.jpg\" height=\"556\" width=\"1042\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute.jpg 1042w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-1024x546.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/images_articles_expressroute-768x410.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1042px) 100vw, 1042px\" class=\" size-full wp-image-999 sp-no-webp\" alt=\"vnet-layout\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 90%; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"  > <\/picture><\/a>Differences between connection types<\/p>\n<p>Further details on the 2 options can be found at <a href=\"http:\/\/windowsitpro.com\/networking\/q-what-are-differences-between-network-services-provider-nsp-and-exchange-provider-exp\">http:\/\/windowsitpro.com\/networking\/q-what-are-differences-between-network-services-provider-nsp-and-exchange-provider-exp.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Network_Watcher\"><\/span>Network Watcher<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Azure Network Watcher provides access to a range of logging, diagnostic features that allow you to gain greater visability into your Virtual Networks health and performance.<br \/>\nFor further details please go to <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/announcing-azure-network-watcher-network-performance-monitoring-and-diagnostics-service-for-azure\/\">https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/announcing-azure-network-watcher-network-performance-monitoring-and-diagnostics-service-for-azure\/<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resources\"><\/span>Resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/documentation\/articles\/azure-classic-rm\/\">https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/documentation\/articles\/azure-classic-rm\/<\/a><br \/>\n[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/documentation\/articles\/virtual-networks-overview\/\">https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/documentation\/articles\/virtual-networks-overview\/<\/a><br \/>\n[3] <a>https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-gb\/documentation\/articles\/expressroute-introduction\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a Virtual Network? A Virtual Network, also known as a VNet is an isolated network within the Microsoft Azure cloud. VNets are synonymous to AWS VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), providing a range of networking features such as the ability to customize DHCP blocks, DNS, routing, inter-VM connectivity, access control and Virtual Private Networks &#8230; <a title=\"Microsoft Azure &#8211; Virtual Networks (VNets) Explained\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Cloud\/AZURE\/microsoft-azure-virtual-networks-vnets.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about Microsoft Azure &#8211; Virtual Networks (VNets) Explained\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":996,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Microsoft Azure - Virtual Networks (VNets) Explained - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is a Virtual Network? 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