{"id":1059,"date":"2017-01-09T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-01-09T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2017\/01\/09\/python-what-are-context-managers\/"},"modified":"2021-07-31T19:27:57","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T19:27:57","slug":"python-what-are-context-managers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html","title":{"rendered":"Python &#8211; What are Context Managers?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6626510edd35c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6626510edd35c\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\/#What_are_Context_Managers\" title=\"What are Context Managers?\">What are Context Managers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\/#Context_Manager_Class\" title=\"Context Manager Class\">Context Manager Class<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\/#Exceptions\" title=\"Exceptions\">Exceptions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\/#contextlib\" title=\"contextlib\">contextlib<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\/#Sources\" title=\"Sources\">Sources<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Context_Managers\"><\/span>What are Context Managers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Context managers are constructs that allow you to set something up and tear something down automatically, by using using the statement &#8211; <span class=\"codeinline\">with<\/span>.\u00a0 For example you may want to open a file, write to the file, and then close the file.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of a context manager,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">with open(path, 'w') as f_obj:\r\n    f_obj.write(some_data)<\/pre>\n<p>To perform this without using a context manager you would need to do,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">f_obj = open(path, 'w')\r\nf_obj.write(some_data)\r\nf_obj.close()<\/pre>\n<p>Under the hood context managers use the magic methods <span class=\"codeinline\">__enter__<\/span> and <span class=\"codeinline\">__exit__<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context_Manager_Class\"><\/span>Context Manager Class<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The first way you can build a context manager is by creating a class and using the <span class=\"codeinline\">__enter__<\/span> and <span class=\"codeinline\">__exit__<\/span> magic methods, like so,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">class FileOpen(object):\r\n    def __enter__(self):\r\n        print('open file')\r\n        return self\r\n\r\n    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):\r\n        print('close file')\r\n\r\n    def do_something(self):\r\n        print('do something')<\/pre>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">&gt;&gt;&gt; with FileOpen() as f_obj:\r\n...     f_obj.do_something()\r\n... \r\nopen file\r\ndo something\r\nclose file<\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exceptions\"><\/span>Exceptions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The other point to note, is that exceptions are passed into the <span class=\"codeinline\">__exit__<\/span> method as input arguments. This allows you to dictate how your context manager exits in the event of an exception being raised. Heres an example,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">class FileOpen(object):\r\n    def __enter__(self):\r\n        print('open file')\r\n        return self\r\n    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):\r\n        print('error type:  {0}'.format(type))\r\n        print('error value: {0}'.format(value))\r\n        print('error traceback: {0}'.format(traceback)) \r\n        print('close file')\r\n\r\n    def do_something(self):\r\n        print('do something')<\/pre>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">&gt;&gt;&gt; with FileOpen() as fo:\r\n... 12\/0\r\n...\r\nopen file\r\nerror type: &lt;type 'exceptions.ZeroDivisionError'&gt;\r\nerror value: integer division or modulo by zero\r\nerror traceback: &lt;traceback object at 0x10035c518&gt;\r\nclose file\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):\r\n  File \"&lt;stdin&gt;\", line 2, in &lt;module&gt;\r\nZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"contextlib\"><\/span>contextlib<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Python also comes with the contextlib module. This allows us to create a context manager using contextlib&#8217;s <span class=\"codeinline\">contextmanager<\/span> function as a decorator<sup>[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example,<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">from contextlib import contextmanager\r\n\r\n@contextmanager\r\ndef open_file(name):\r\n    f = open(name, 'w')\r\n    yield f\r\n    f.close()<\/pre>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">&gt;&gt;&gt; with open_file('test.txt') as f_obj:\r\n...     f_obj.write('this is a test')<\/pre>\n<p>For further information on context manager decorators please see <a href=\"http:\/\/book.pythontips.com\/en\/latest\/context_managers.html#implementing-a-context-manager-as-a-generator\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources\"><\/span>Sources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blog.pythonlibrary.org\/2015\/10\/20\/python-201-an-intro-to-context-managers\/\">http:\/\/www.blog.pythonlibrary.org\/2015\/10\/20\/python-201-an-intro-to-context-managers\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are Context Managers? Context managers are constructs that allow you to set something up and tear something down automatically, by using using the statement &#8211; with.\u00a0 For example you may want to open a file, write to the file, and then close the file. Here is an example of a context manager, with open(path, &#8230; <a title=\"Python &#8211; What are Context Managers?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Programming\/Python\/python-what-are-context-managers.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about Python &#8211; What are Context Managers?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1058,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python - What are Context Managers? - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are Context Managers? 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