{"id":1089,"date":"2017-04-10T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-10T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2017\/04\/10\/what-is-openflow\/"},"modified":"2021-07-31T16:26:58","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T16:26:58","slug":"what-is-openflow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html","title":{"rendered":"What is OpenFlow?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6629666fcdeb9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6629666fcdeb9\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#What_is_OpenFlow\" title=\"What is OpenFlow?\">What is OpenFlow?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#OpenFlow_Model\" title=\"OpenFlow Model\">OpenFlow Model<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#OpenFlow_vs_OF-Config\" title=\"OpenFlow vs OF-Config\">OpenFlow vs OF-Config<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Proactive_vs_Reactive_Flows\" title=\"Proactive vs Reactive Flows\">Proactive vs Reactive Flows<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Packet_Flow\" title=\"Packet Flow\">Packet Flow<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#What_is_a_table-miss_entry\" title=\"What is a table-miss entry?\">What is a table-miss entry?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Group_Tables\" title=\"Group Tables\">Group Tables<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Messages\" title=\"Messages\">Messages<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Message_Types\" title=\"Message Types\">Message Types<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Message_Sequence\" title=\"Message Sequence\">Message Sequence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Ports\" title=\"Ports\">Ports<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Table_Type_Patterns_TTP\" title=\"Table Type Patterns (TTP)\">Table Type Patterns (TTP)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\/#Other\" title=\"Other\">Other<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_OpenFlow\"><\/span>What is OpenFlow?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>OpenFlow is a protocol, released by the ONF that allows the remote modification of a network switch&#8217;s forwarding table.<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the control plane is decoupled from the forwarding plane, enabling network controllers to define the flow of traffic between switches far greater than standard routing or forwarding protocols.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 1. Control plan separation.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3.avif 515w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3-300x170.avif 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" type=\"image\/avif\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3.webp 515w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3-300x170.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3.png\" height=\"246\" width=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3.png 515w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Control_3-300x170.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1085 sp-no-webp\" alt=\"OpenFlow Control 3\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  > <\/picture><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OpenFlow_Model\"><\/span>OpenFlow Model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As previously mentioned OpenFlow works upon a model where the network controller updates the forwarding table (flow tables) on the OpenFlow switch. Each table contains a list of flow entries consisting of match fields such as IP Src, IP Dst, VLAN ID, MAC Src etc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OpenFlow_vs_OF-Config\"><\/span>OpenFlow vs OF-Config<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The communication method used between the OF switch and controller can either be OpenFlow or OF-Config. Below outlines the differences,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OpenFlow<\/strong> &#8211; Limited feature set compared to OF-Config. Used for testing and development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>OF-Config<\/strong> &#8211; Production grade. Supports encryption, rate-limiting, and logical ports (i.e VXLAN). Uses NETCONF\/YANG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proactive_vs_Reactive_Flows\"><\/span>Proactive vs Reactive Flows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are 2 methods for flow table populations &#8211; <strong>Proactive<\/strong> and <strong>Reactive<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Proactive<\/strong> &#8211; The controllers adds flows to the switch before they are required.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reactive<\/strong> &#8211; Packets that do no match a flow entry are sent to controller. The controller then creates the required flow entry and returns the packet back to the switch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Packet_Flow\"><\/span>Packet Flow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When a packet enters the ingress interface the following set of operations take place.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"uk-badge\">NOTE <\/span> When matching, the highest priority flow entry succeeds.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The packet header fields are evaluated against table 0.<\/li>\n<li>If there is no match (including no table-miss entry) the packet is dropped.<\/li>\n<li>If there is no match and there is a table-miss entry then perform the defined table-miss action.<\/li>\n<li>If the is a match then,\n<ul>\n<li>Update counters.<\/li>\n<li>Execute instructions.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarded to a table further in the pipeline or forwarded out of an egress port.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_table-miss_entry\"><\/span>What is a table-miss entry?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The table-miss entry defines a set of actions that are performed in the event of no match being found for a packet. Actions include,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Drop packet.<\/li>\n<li>Forward packet out all interfaces.<\/li>\n<li>Forward packet to controller. This will result in the controller creating new flows for this traffic or dropping.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Figure 3. Packet Flow.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow.avif 857w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-300x224.avif 300w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-768x574.avif 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" type=\"image\/avif\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow.webp 857w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-300x224.webp 300w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-768x574.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow.png\" height=\"410\" width=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow.png 857w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Packet_Flow-768x574.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1086 sp-no-webp\" alt=\"OpenFlow Packet Flow\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  > <\/picture><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Group_Tables\"><\/span>Group Tables<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A group table allows you to represent a group of ports as a single entity for forwarding packets. Group tables also provide the ability to perform a set of actions on multiple flows, in turn meaning that a set of actions can be modified once, instead of a per flow basis.<\/p>\n<p>Some use cases for this would be for random port selection for load balancing or selecting the first active port within a port range for fail-over.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Messages\"><\/span>Messages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Message_Types\"><\/span>Message Types<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 3 message types that can occur between the switch and the controller. They are,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Controller-to-Switch<\/strong> &#8211; Messages are initiated by the controller, to either request the switches supported features or to update the switch&#8217;s configuration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Symmetric<\/strong> &#8211; Messages are sent from switch to controller in order to update it to errors, flow updates or port-status changes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Asynchronous<\/strong> &#8211; Messages are sent (and initiated) from either the controller of switch. Message examples include HELLO, used within the initial handshake or ECHO messages, used as a keep-alive and\/or for confirming the health of the connection (bandwidth\/latency) between the controller and switch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Message_Sequence\"><\/span>Message Sequence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Figure 4. Message Sequence.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq.avif 445w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq-235x300.avif 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" type=\"image\/avif\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq.webp 445w,https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq-235x300.webp 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq.png\" height=\"440\" width=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq.png 445w, https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/images_articles_OpenFlow_Msg_Seq-235x300.png 235w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" class=\" size-full wp-image-1087 sp-no-webp\" alt=\"OpenFlow Msg Seq\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  > <\/picture><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ports\"><\/span>Ports<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are 4 port types available within OpenFlow. They are,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Standard Ports<\/strong> &#8211; Can be defined as a physical, logical or LOCAL reserved port.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Physical Ports<\/strong> &#8211; OF switch ports that map directly to a physical switchport.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Logical Ports<\/strong> &#8211; OF switchports that are not mapped directly to a physical switchport, but instead a logical construct, i.e etherchannel or loopback.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reserved Ports<\/strong> &#8211; OF switch ports that define standard OF packet forwarding behavior. Such as flooding, or forwarding packets to the hosts non-OF forwarding engine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_Type_Patterns_TTP\"><\/span>Table Type Patterns (TTP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Table Type Pattern (TTP) is an abstract switch model that describes specific switch forwarding behaviors that an OpenFlow controller can program via the OpenFlow-Switch protocol. A TTP represents the flow processing capabilities of an OpenFlow Logical Switch (OFLS).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other\"><\/span>Other<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here are some other details, points around OpenFlow, that you may find useful.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OpFlex<\/strong> &#8211; Ciscos implementation of OpenFlow.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mininet<\/strong> &#8211; Network simulator which creates a network of virtual hosts, switches, controllers, and links &#8211; including OpenFlow switches. You can think of this as GNS3 for OpenFlow switches.<\/li>\n<li><strong>FlowGen<\/strong> &#8211; Flow generator for OpenFlow virtual switchse (Open vSwitch) &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/iliakplv\/FlowGen\">github<\/a>. It is also worth noting this is what Cisco ACI uses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is OpenFlow? OpenFlow is a protocol, released by the ONF that allows the remote modification of a network switch&#8217;s forwarding table. In other words, the control plane is decoupled from the forwarding plane, enabling network controllers to define the flow of traffic between switches far greater than standard routing or forwarding protocols. Figure 1. &#8230; <a title=\"What is OpenFlow?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/what-is-openflow.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about What is OpenFlow?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1084,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1266],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is OpenFlow? - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is OpenFlow? 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