{"id":1165,"date":"2018-02-18T21:22:25","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T21:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2018\/02\/18\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states\/"},"modified":"2021-07-27T19:54:17","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T19:54:17","slug":"bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html","title":{"rendered":"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"h.qytkvbk11ajo\">BGP Messages<\/h2>\n<p>Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> OPEN <\/strong> &#8211; Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This is the first message sent by each side once the 3WHS is complete, and can be thought of as a HELLO. Only once each side has confirmed the OPEN message, the other message types can be exchanged. <sup> <a id=\"ftnt_ref1\" href=\"#ftnt1\"> [1] <\/a> <\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong> UPDATE <\/strong> &#8211; Used to exchange routing information, such as announce new routes or withdraw previously announced routes.<\/li>\n<li><strong> KEEPALIVE <\/strong> &#8211; Notifies BGP peers that a device is active. Used to keep sessions (i.e long periods with no updates) from expiring.<\/li>\n<li><strong> NOTIFICATION <\/strong> &#8211; This message is a result of an error condition occurring. These message types are used to close an active session, and also inform the peer to the reason why.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"h.3hervacare2n\">BGP Neighbor Adjacency States<\/h2>\n<p>Just like OSPF or EIGRP, BGP establishes a neighbor adjacency with other routers before any routing information is exchanged. However BGP does not use broadcast or multicast for BGP neighbor discovery, instead, neighbors are configured manually, using TCP\/179 for communication.<\/p>\n<p>In order for two BGP systems to become neighbors, they will go through a series of BGP Neighbor Adjacency States. They are:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li><strong> Idle <\/strong> &#8211; BGP resources are initialized by the router. BGP inbound connection attempts are refused. BGP initiates a TCP connection to the peer.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Connect<\/strong> &#8211; BGP waits for the 3WHS to complete. If successful, the OPEN message is sent to the peer and BGP moves to the OpenSent state. If unsuccessful we continue to the Active state. However, if the ConnectRetry expires, BGP will remain in this state, with the timer being reset and a new 3WHS being initiated.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Active <\/strong> &#8211; The ConnectRetry timer is reset, and BGP returns to the Connect state.<\/li>\n<li><strong> OpenSent <\/strong> &#8211; BGP waits for an OPEN message from its peer. Once received, BGP moves to the OpenConfirm state.<\/li>\n<li><strong> OpenConfirm <\/strong> &#8211; BGP waits for a keepalive message from its peer. If received before the timeout expires, BGP moves to the Established state. Otherwise, BGP transitions to Idle.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Established <\/strong> &#8211; Both peers exchange UPDATE messages. If there is an error within any of the UPDATE messages, the BGP peer will send a NOTIFICATION message and enter the Idle state.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong> &#8211; BGP States.\u00a0<sup><a id=\"ftnt_ref2\" href=\"#ftnt2\"> [2] <\/a> <\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p><a id=\"ftnt1\" href=\"#ftnt_ref1\"> [1] <\/a> &#8220;BGP &#8211; Cisco.&#8221; 8 Dec. 1999, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/cpress\/cc\/td\/cpress\/fund\/ith2nd\/it2435.htm&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1518991820520000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEaAcYP2m-8embpyjHU9KRHn5M0Zw\"> https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/cpress\/cc\/td\/cpress\/fund\/ith2nd\/it2435.htm <\/a> . Accessed 3 Nov. 2017.<br \/>\n<a id=\"ftnt2\" href=\"#ftnt_ref2\"> [2] <\/a> &#8220;BGP Neighbor Adjacency States | NetworkLessons.com.&#8221; 2 Apr. 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/networklessons.com\/bgp\/bgp-neighbor-adjacency-states\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1518991820520000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGPCM-DkUejKGkgHPzqdAuL9sf4DA\"> https:\/\/networklessons.com\/bgp\/bgp-neighbor-adjacency-states\/ <\/a> . Accessed 18 Feb. 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN &#8211; Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This is the first message sent by each side once the 3WHS is complete, and can be thought of as a HELLO. Only once each side has confirmed &#8230; <a title=\"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1265],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fir3net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"618\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"493\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick Donato\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick Donato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rick Donato\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037\"},\"headline\":\"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\"},\"wordCount\":416,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"BGP\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\",\"name\":\"BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png\",\"width\":618,\"height\":493,\"caption\":\"bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency 1\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Networking\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/networking\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"BGP\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/networking\/bgp\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\",\"name\":\"Fir3net\",\"description\":\"Keeping you in the know\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Fir3net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png\",\"width\":390,\"height\":88,\"caption\":\"Fir3net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037\",\"name\":\"Rick Donato\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick Donato\"},\"description\":\"Rick Donato is a Network Automation Architect\/Evangelist and the founder of Packet Coders.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net","description":"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net","og_description":"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html","og_site_name":"Fir3net","article_published_time":"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":618,"height":493,"url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Rick Donato","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick Donato","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html"},"author":{"name":"Rick Donato","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037"},"headline":"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States","datePublished":"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html"},"wordCount":416,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png","articleSection":["BGP"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html","name":"BGP - Messages and Adjacency States - Fir3net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png","datePublished":"2018-02-18T21:22:25+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-27T19:54:17+00:00","description":"BGP Messages Within BGP (as per RFC 1771) there are four BGP message types. They are, OPEN - Used to open a BGP communication session between peers. This","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/images_articles_bgp_bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency_1.png","width":618,"height":493,"caption":"bgp-states-neighbor-adjacency 1"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Networking\/Protocols\/bgp-messages-and-adjacency-states.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Networking","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/networking"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"BGP","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/networking\/bgp"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"BGP &#8211; Messages and Adjacency States"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/","name":"Fir3net","description":"Keeping you in the know","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization","name":"Fir3net","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png","width":390,"height":88,"caption":"Fir3net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037","name":"Rick Donato","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick Donato"},"description":"Rick Donato is a Network Automation Architect\/Evangelist and the founder of Packet Coders."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1165"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}