{"id":555,"date":"2011-09-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-09-10T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2011\/09\/10\/irule\/"},"modified":"2021-07-24T18:27:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-24T18:27:03","slug":"irule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html","title":{"rendered":"F5 LTM &#8211; iRule`s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-662f85fad9922\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-662f85fad9922\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#What_is_an_iRule\" title=\"What is an iRule ?\">What is an iRule ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Components_of_an_iRule\" title=\"Components of an iRule\">Components of an iRule<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Rule_Operators\" title=\"Rule Operators\">Rule Operators<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#1_Logical_Operators\" title=\"1. Logical Operators\">1. Logical Operators<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#2_Relational_Operators\" title=\"2. Relational Operators \">2. Relational Operators <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#iRule_Commands\" title=\"iRule Commands\">iRule Commands<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Query_commands\" title=\"Query commands\">Query commands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Action_Modification_Commands\" title=\"Action \/ Modification Commands\">Action \/ Modification Commands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Statement_Commands\" title=\"Statement Commands\">Statement Commands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#UIE_Commands\" title=\"UIE Commands\">UIE Commands<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Syntax_and_Best_Practice\" title=\"Syntax and Best Practice\">Syntax and Best Practice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Configuring_iRules\" title=\"Configuring iRules\">Configuring iRules<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Example\" title=\"Example\">Example<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#Commands\" title=\"Commands\">Commands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\/#References\" title=\"References\">References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_iRule\"><\/span><strong>What is an iRule ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>iRules are built using a TCL-based scripting language allowing arbitrary manipulation of traffic flowing through the BIG-IP, including real-time modification of defined data.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Components_of_an_iRule\"><\/span><strong>Components of an iRule<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A typical iRule contains four main components.<\/p>\n<p>These are :<\/p>\n<p class=\"codemulti\">rule <strong>NAME<\/strong> {<br \/>&nbsp; when <strong>EVENT<\/strong> {<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if { <strong>conditional_statement<\/strong> } {<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>action_when_condition_true<\/strong><br \/>&nbsp; }<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br \/><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Name<\/strong>&nbsp; &#8211; The name a) Must begin with a letter b) contain no special characters or spaces. A naming best practice is to capitalize first letter of trailing words.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Event<\/strong> &#8211; Events define multiple points during a client session, the iRule is then triggered when the specified event occurs. There are more than 50 types of Events such as HTTP_REQUEST, CLIENT_ACCEPTED etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditional Statement<\/strong> &#8211; If a particular condition exists A condition is built based on relational\/logical operators (explained further within the Rule Operators section).&nbsp; The following shows an example is the matching the string &#8216;txt&#8217; at the end of an uri ; the condition would be <span style=\"\">if { [HTTP::uri] ends_with &#8220;txt&#8221; }<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perform an action<\/strong> &#8211; An action determines the response to a condition statement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rule_Operators\"><\/span><strong>Rule Operators<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There are 2 types of Rule operators. These are :<strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Logical_Operators\"><\/span><strong>1. Logical Operators<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>There are 3 logical operators for use within an iRule. These are :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>and<\/strong> &#8211; performs a logical and comparison between 2 values<\/li>\n<li><strong>not<\/strong> &#8211; performs a logical not on a value<\/li>\n<li><strong>or<\/strong> &#8211; performs a logical or comparison between 2 values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Relational_Operators\"><\/span><strong>2. Relational Operators <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Below shows the various relational strings operators :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>contains <\/strong>&#8211; tests if one string contains another string.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ends_with<\/strong> &#8211; tests if one strings ends with another string.<\/li>\n<li><strong>equals<\/strong> &#8211; tests if one string equals another string.<\/li>\n<li><strong>matches_glob <\/strong>&#8211; implements glob style matching within a comparison.<\/li>\n<li><strong>matches_regex<\/strong> &#8211; tests if one string matches a regular expression.<\/li>\n<li><strong>starts_with<\/strong> &#8211; tests if one string starts with another string.<\/li>\n<li><strong>switch<\/strong> &#8211; evaluates one of several scripts, depending on a given value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iRule_Commands\"><\/span><strong>iRule Commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Query_commands\"><\/span><strong>Query commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Query commands search for header and content data. An example is <span style=\"\">IP::remote_addr<\/span>, which searches for and returns the remote IP address of a connection.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Action_Modification_Commands\"><\/span><strong>Action \/ Modification Commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Action \/ Modification Commands perform actions such as inserting headers into HTTP requests. An example is HTTP::header remove &lt;name&gt;, which removes the last occurance of the named header from a request or response.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statement_Commands\"><\/span><strong>Statement Commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Statement Commands specify traffic destinations such as Pools or URLs. Example <span style=\"\">pool &lt;name&gt;<\/span>, which directs traffic to a named pool.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UIE_Commands\"><\/span><strong>UIE Commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>UIE Commands are functions that perform deep packet inspection. The iRule can use the results to select a Pool or Pool member. An example <span style=\"\">decode_uri &lt;string&gt;<\/span>, which decodes the names string using HTTP URI encoding and returns the result.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syntax_and_Best_Practice\"><\/span><strong>Syntax and Best Practice<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When configuring an iRule there are 3 common &#8220;best&#8221; practice rules that should be followed.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Write iRules that cover all conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Write small efficient iRules.<\/li>\n<li>Know your network packet data that you are writing your iRule around.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Configuring_iRules\"><\/span><strong>Configuring iRules<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Configuration Sequence<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create Pools<\/li>\n<li>Create iRule<\/li>\n<li>Map iRule to Virtual Server<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Creating an iRule<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Within the GUI goto &#8216;Local Traffic &gt; iRules &gt; Create&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Enter Name<\/li>\n<li>Then add the iRules syntax into the definition text box.<\/li>\n<li>Click Finished.<\/li>\n<li>Within the Virtual Server go to the Resources section and click Manage.<\/li>\n<li>Add the necessary iRule.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example\"><\/span><strong>Example<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>This iRule is configured to pass traffic onto Pool1 if the HTTP request URI ends with txt. Otherwise traffic will be sent to Pool2.<\/p>\n<p class=\"codemulti\">rule rule_txt_end {<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp; when HTTP_REQUEST {<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if {[HTTP::uri] ends_with &#8220;txt&#8221;} {<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pool Pool1<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else { pool Pool2 }<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br \/>}<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Commands\"><\/span><strong>Commands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"\">b rule list<\/span> &#8211; Lists current iRules.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span><strong>References<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F5_Networks\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F5_Networks<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is an iRule ? iRules are built using a TCL-based scripting language allowing arbitrary manipulation of traffic flowing through the BIG-IP, including real-time modification of defined data. Components of an iRule A typical iRule contains four main components. These are : rule NAME {&nbsp; when EVENT {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if { conditional_statement } {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; action_when_condition_true&nbsp; }&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8230; <a title=\"F5 LTM &#8211; iRule`s\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about F5 LTM &#8211; iRule`s\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>F5 LTM - iRule`s - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is an iRule ? iRules are built using a TCL-based scripting language allowing arbitrary manipulation of traffic flowing through the BIG-IP, including\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/Loadbalancers\/F5-BIG-IP\/irule.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"F5 LTM - iRule`s - Fir3net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is an iRule ? 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