{"id":952,"date":"2015-11-09T22:20:51","date_gmt":"2015-11-09T22:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fir3netwp.gmsrrpobkbd.com\/2015\/11\/09\/linux-network-namespaces\/"},"modified":"2021-07-31T16:15:01","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T16:15:01","slug":"linux-network-namespaces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux Network Namespaces"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default this is inherited from its parent process. Network namespaces allow for the process to run within a different network namespace. This allows \u00a0for virtual instances of the Linux network stack each with its own routes, firewall rules and network devices.<\/p>\n<p>A great example of network namespaces in use can be seen within OpenStack Neutron.\u00a0 Neutron, the networking component of OpenStack uses network namespaces\u00a0 to provide network isolation between tenants.<\/p>\n<h2>LIST NameSpaces<\/h2>\n<p>First of all to list the current namespaces the <span class=\"codeinline\">ip netns list<\/span> command is used.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">root@controller01:~# <strong>ip netns list<\/strong>\r\nqrouter-e945b6b1-54be-49ef-95ed-5d524d2f3616\r\nqdhcp-dae14f7d-c7f9-4dbc-9635-603f0fbc3f09<\/pre>\n<h2>EXEC Namespace<\/h2>\n<p>To execute a command within the namespace the command <span class=\"codeinline\">ip netns &lt;namespace_id&gt; &lt;command&gt;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">root@controller01:~# <strong>ip netns exec qrouter-e945b6b1-54be-49ef-95ed-5d524d2f3616 ifconfig<\/strong>\r\nlo        Link encap:Local Loopback\r\n          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0\r\n          inet6 addr: ::1\/128 Scope:Host\r\n          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1\r\n          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0\r\n          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0\r\n          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0\r\n          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)\r\n\r\nqg-e5b9712e-b0 Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr fa:16:3e:a7:8a:df\r\n          inet addr:172.16.100.30  Bcast:172.16.100.255  Mask:255.255.255.0\r\n          inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fea7:8adf\/64 Scope:Link\r\n          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1\r\n          RX packets:384847 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0\r\n          TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0\r\n          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000\r\n          RX bytes:62660634 (62.6 MB)  TX bytes:1200 (1.2 KB)\r\n\r\nqr-76de6d23-a8 Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr fa:16:3e:32:78:9d\r\n          inet addr:10.1.1.1  Bcast:10.1.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0\r\n          inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fe32:789d\/64 Scope:Link\r\n          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1\r\n          RX packets:266390 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0\r\n          TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0\r\n          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000\r\n          RX bytes:51963537 (51.9 MB)  TX bytes:864 (864.0 B)<\/pre>\n<p>Some typical Linux network commands that can be used are,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ip route list<\/strong> &#8211; display routes<\/li>\n<li><strong>ip addr list<\/strong> &#8211; display ip addresses<\/li>\n<li><strong>ifconfig<\/strong> &#8211; display ip addresses (different format to the above)<\/li>\n<li><strong>iptables -vnL<\/strong> &#8211; display the stats and chains for your running iptables<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Additional Commands<\/h2>\n<p>This example touches only on the listing and exec of the network namespaces. There are other commands available such as creating and removing namespaces. Further details on these commands can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/ip-netns.8.html\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"prettyprint\">Usage: ip netns list\r\n       ip netns add NAME\r\n       ip netns delete NAME\r\n       ip netns identify PID\r\n       ip netns pids NAME\r\n       ip netns exec NAME cmd ...\r\n       ip netns monitor<\/pre>\n<h2>Additional Links<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opencloudblog.com\/?p=42\">http:\/\/www.opencloudblog.com\/?p=42<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/580893\/\">https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/580893\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/ip-netns.8.html\">http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/ip-netns.8.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default this is inherited from its parent process. Network namespaces allow for the process to run within a different network namespace. This allows \u00a0for virtual instances of the Linux network stack &#8230; <a title=\"Linux Network Namespaces\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\" aria-label=\"Read more about Linux Network Namespaces\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Fir3net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rick Donato\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rick Donato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rick Donato\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037\"},\"headline\":\"Linux Network Namespaces\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\"},\"wordCount\":232,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Linux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\",\"name\":\"Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Operating Systems\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/os\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Linux\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/os\/linux\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Linux Network Namespaces\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\",\"name\":\"Fir3net\",\"description\":\"Keeping you in the know\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Fir3net\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png\",\"width\":390,\"height\":88,\"caption\":\"Fir3net\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037\",\"name\":\"Rick Donato\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Rick Donato\"},\"description\":\"Rick Donato is a Network Automation Architect\/Evangelist and the founder of Packet Coders.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net","description":"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net","og_description":"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html","og_site_name":"Fir3net","article_published_time":"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00","author":"Rick Donato","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Rick Donato","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html"},"author":{"name":"Rick Donato","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037"},"headline":"Linux Network Namespaces","datePublished":"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html"},"wordCount":232,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Linux"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html","name":"Linux Network Namespaces - Fir3net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-11-09T22:20:51+00:00","dateModified":"2021-07-31T16:15:01+00:00","description":"The Linux Network Namespace (netns) is a feature within the 2.6.27+ Linux kernel. Normally a Linux process will run within a network namespace. By default","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/UNIX\/Linux\/linux-network-namespaces.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Operating Systems","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/os"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Linux","item":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/os\/linux"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Linux Network Namespaces"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/","name":"Fir3net","description":"Keeping you in the know","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#organization","name":"Fir3net","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fir3net-Background-Logo-compressed.png","width":390,"height":88,"caption":"Fir3net"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/ab35009601b7687ee1c5310be6038037","name":"Rick Donato","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d75d69a54c0ca3b32c24c3a9703b623c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Rick Donato"},"description":"Rick Donato is a Network Automation Architect\/Evangelist and the founder of Packet Coders."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fir3net.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}